Icon Legend

Oral Presentation

Poster Display

Student Competition

Ticketed Event

Type here to filter the list

Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 10:00 AM MST
CAMTech: Empowering Pest Management Options Through a Decade of Public-private Partnership
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 B
Organizer: Bryony C. Bonning (she/her/hers) – University of Florida
Organizer: Subba Reddy Palli (he/him/his) – University of Kentucky
Organizer: Daniel Swale – University of Florida
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 10:00 AM MST
Emerging Professionals in Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 A
Organizer: Ryan Kuesel, Ph.D. (he/him/his) – Washington State University
Organizer: Taylor Reams, Ph.D., M.S. (she/her/hers) – Washington State University
Organizer: Ge Zhang, Ph.D., M.S. (he/him/his) – Washington State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsEarly Career
Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 11:00 AM MST
Building an Entomology Workforce Through Experiential Learning
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 A
Organizer: Holley Hooks (she/her/hers) – CDC Division of Vector-Borne Diseases
Organizer: Susanna Visser, DrPH, MS – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Organizer: Stacie East, Esq., CAE (she/her/hers) – Entomological Society of America
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal TeachingDiversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
A Menagerie of Arthropod Symbioses
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 226 A
Organizer: Molly S. Hunter (she/her/hers) – University of Arizona
Organizer: Alison Ravenscraft (she/her/hers) – University of Texas
Organizer: Einat Zchori-Fein (she/her/hers) – Agricultural Research Organization
Section SymposiumSystematics, Evolution, and BiodiversityPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Adapting to Endangered Species Act Pesticide Label Changes and Mitigations
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 A
Organizer: Christopher T. McCullough (he/him/his) – Washington State Department of Agriculture
Organizer: Dowen Jocson – Washington State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsPhysiology, Biochemistry, and ToxicologyScience Policy
Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Advancing Women's Empowerment and Leadership in Extension Entomology: Challenges and Prospects
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 224 B
Organizer: Md Tafsir Nur Nabi Rashed – University of Florida
Organizer: Sriyanka Lahiri – University of Florida
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal TeachingDiversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Sunday, Nov 10th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Enhancing Arthropod Mediated Ecosystem Services: Celebrating the Career of Doug Landis
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 130
Organizer: Matthew E. O'Neal – Iowa State University
Organizer: Mary Margaret Gardiner (she/her/hers) – The Ohio State University
Organizer: Jana C. Lee – USDA-ARS
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsFormal and Informal Teaching
Sunday, Nov 10th
9:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Advancement and Future of Microbials as Part of Integrated Pest Management
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 C
Organizer: Anamika Sharma (she/her/hers) – Florida A&M University
Organizer: Shaohui Wu – The Ohio State University
Organizer: Pasco B. Avery – University of Florida
Organizer: Eric Clifton (he/him/his) – BioWorks Inc.
Organizer: Lorenzo Rossi – University of Florida
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Sunday, Nov 10th
10:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
From Ahasverus to Tribolium: Exploring Pathways in Stored Products and Lessons for Insect Science
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 225 B
Organizer: William R. Morrison, III (he/him/his) – USDA-ARS
Organizer: Sabita Ranabhat – Kansas State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Sunday, Nov 10th
10:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
IPM in the Digital Age: Using Big Data to Enhance Decision-making and Bridge Adoption Gaps
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 C
Organizer: Emily Allyce Rampone – Washington State University
Organizer: Diego Rincon – Washington State University
Organizer: David Crowder – Washington State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Sunday, Nov 10th
10:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Ecology and Management of Natural Enemies in Urban Ecosystems
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 A
Organizer: Caleb J. Wilson – University of Kentucky
Organizer: Samuel F. Ward (he/him/his) – The Ohio State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Sunday, Nov 10th
1:30 PM – 4:30 PM MST
Expanding Education in Entomology: Advocacy for the Underrepresented Communities and Youth in STEM
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 A
Organizer: Erin Harris – Texas A&M University
Organizer: Sienna McPeek – Texas A&M University
Organizer: Shelby K. Kilpatrick (she/her/hers) – Texas A&M University
Organizer: Lauren Beebe (she/her/hers) – Texas A&M University
Organizer: Tammy Lee Bouldin – Texas A&M University
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal TeachingDiversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Sunday, Nov 10th
1:30 PM – 4:30 PM MST
Forecasting Invasive Insect Species: Integrating Climate Change Dynamics of Today and Tomorrow
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 A
Organizer: Julian R. Golec (he/him/his) – Corteva Agriscience
Organizer: Leonardo David Salgado – Cornell University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Sunday, Nov 10th
1:30 PM – 4:30 PM MST
Taxon-Immersion Courses: Sustaining and Inspiring Arthropod Diversity Science
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 131 C
Organizer: Jason Lee Williams – University of Florida
Organizer: Marek L. Borowiec (he/him/his) – Colorado State University
Organizer: Andrea Lucky – University of Florida
Section SymposiumSystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Sunday, Nov 10th
1:30 PM – 5:30 PM MST
Careers in Extension Entomology: Strategies for Applied Research, Education, and Student Success
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 121 C
Organizer: Joanie King – New Mexico State University
Organizer: Max R. Schmidtbauer – Colorado State University
Organizer: Melissa Schreiner – Colorado State University
Organizer: Lisa Mason – Colorado State University
Organizer: Tawny Simisky – University of Massachussetts
Organizer: Houston Wilson (he/him/his) – University of California
Organizer: Kadie Elizabeth Britt – University of California
Organizer: Silvia Rondon – Oregon State University
Organizer: Karim Gharbi – Colorado State University
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal TeachingPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Sunday, Nov 10th
1:30 PM – 5:30 PM MST
Empowering Insect Pest Management Tomorrow Through Sterile Insects, Advancements Today and Beyond
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 B
Organizer: Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues (he/him/his) – USDA-APHIS
Organizer: Rui Cardozo Pereira – International Atomic Energy Agency
Organizer: Adalberto Perez de Leon – USDA-ARS
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and ToxicologySystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Sunday, Nov 10th
1:30 PM – 5:30 PM MST
RNAi-based Bioinsecticides: Realizing the Commercial Potential for Sustainable Pest Management
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 131 A
Organizer: William Moar (he/him/his) – Bayer Crop Science
Organizer: Kenneth Narva (he/him/his) – GreenLight Biosciences
Organizer: Agoston Jerga (he/him/his) – Bayer Crop Science
Organizer: Ibrahim A. El-Shesheny, Ph.D. (he/him/his) – University of Tennessee
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and ToxicologyPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Sunday, Nov 10th
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM MST
Empowering Wild Bee Microbiome Research and Working Toward Phyllosphere Management
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 A
Organizer: Makaylee Keao Crone (they/them/theirs) – York University
Organizer: Phuong Nguyen – York University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Sunday, Nov 10th
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM MST
Management Impacts on Arthropod-based Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Landscapes
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 B
Organizer: Holly E. Myers – University of Kentucky
Organizer: DeShae Dillard (he/him/his) – Michigan State University
Organizer: Nathan Haan – University of Kentucky
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 10:00 AM MST
Improving Communication Between Researchers and Stakeholders to Reduce Threats to Pollinators
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 226 C
Organizer: Brandon Patrick Shannon – The Ohio State University
Organizer: Andony Melathopoulos – Oregon State University
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and ToxicologyPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 10:00 AM MST
Innovating Vector Control: Techniques and Strategies for Disease Prevention
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 B
Organizer: Sarah Gunter (she/her/hers) – Baylor College of Medicine
Organizer: Kyndall Dye-Braumuller, BCE – University of South Carolina
Organizer: Max Vigilant – Harris County Mosquito and Vector Control
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 11:00 AM MST
At the Nexus of Ticks and Tick-Borne Illness Mitigation: Novel Perspectives for Tick Disease Control
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 C
Organizer: Kathleen Walker – University of Arizona
Organizer: Paulina Maldonado – University of Arizona
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary EntomologyPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 11:00 AM MST
Multifunctional Chemicals? Plant Volatiles Influence Herbivores, Pollinators, and Natural Enemies
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 A
Organizer: Morgan Thompson (she/her/hers) – Texas A&M University
Organizer: Emily Russavage (she/her/hers) – University of Maryland
Organizer: Olivia Marie Bernauer, Ph.D. (she/her/hers) – University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 11:00 AM MST
Successful Partnerships Between Academia, the Research Community, and the Urban Pest Industry
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 222 B
Organizer: Anna I. Berry, BCE (she/her/hers) – Pelsis
Organizer: Patricia Hottel, BCE – Rentokil-Terminix
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
APHIS PPQ Insect Rearing and Biocontrol: Celebrating the Careers of Drs. Juli Gould and Hannah Nadel
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 A
Organizer: Mauri Hickin – USDA-ARS
Organizer: Hannah J. Broadley (she/her/hers) – USDA-APHIS
Organizer: Chrissy Dodge – University of California
Organizer: Theresa Booth – USDA-APHIS
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Arthropod Metabarcoding: A Powerful Tool for Inventorying, Monitoring, and Regenerating Biodiversity
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 224 B
Organizer: Isaac Overcast (he/him/his) – California Academy of Sciences
Organizer: Lauren Esposito – CAS
Organizer: Natalie Graham – University of Hawaii
Section SymposiumSystematics, Evolution, and BiodiversityPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Cross-disciplinary Innovations in EPG Science to Address Current and Emerging Issues
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 B
Organizer: Anastasia M. Cooper (she/her/hers) – Auburn University
Organizer: Berenice Romero (she/her/hers) – University of Saskatchewan
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Empowering Tomorrow’s Food Systems with Controlled Environment Agriculture
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 C
Organizer: Samantha A. Willden (she/her/hers) – Cornell University
Organizer: Mike S. Wolfin (he/him/his) – The Pennsylvania State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsFormal and Informal Teaching
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Enigmatic Bridge of Exo-Endo: Extracellular Vesicles in Arthropod Physiology and Control
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 222 C
Organizer: Kristopher Silver (he/him/his) – Kansas State University
Organizer: Xiufeng Zhang (he/him/his) – Kansas State University
Organizer: Dana Mitzel – USDA-ARS
Organizer: Ana M. Velez (she/her/hers) – University of Nebraska
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary EntomologyPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
8:00 AM – 12:00 PM MST
Increasing Societal Impacts of Forensic Entomology: Standardizing Practices and Novel Applications
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 130
Organizer: Lauren M. Weidner, Ph.D., D-ABFE (she/her/hers) – Arizona State University
Organizer: Krystal Hans (she/her/hers) – Purdue University
Organizer: Denise Gemmellaro (she/her/hers) – Kean University
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
10:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
DoD Support for New Vector Control and Bite Prevention Products
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 B
Organizer: Gabriela Zollner – Armed Forces Pest Management Board
Organizer: Michelle G. Colacicco-Mayhugh, BCE – U.S. Army
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 4:00 PM MST
Symposium to Honor Michael Haverty and His Mentorship of Entomologists and Their Careers
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 222 C
Organizer: Vernard R. Lewis, BCE (he/him/his) – University of California
Organizer: Nan-Yao Su – University of Florida
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary EntomologyPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM MST
Let Us Be PedANTic: Etymology and Entomology
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 224 B
Organizer: Thomas N. Sheehan (he/him/his) – University of Georgia
Organizer: May R. Berenbaum, Ph.D. (she/her/hers) – University of Illinois
Section SymposiumSystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM MST
Looking Beyond the Obvious: Employing Novel HTP Tools to Decipher Plant-insect Interactions
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 A
Organizer: Sajjan Grover – Bayer Crop Science
Organizer: Camila Hofman – Bayer Crop Science
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM MST
Neurophysiological Basis of Olfactory Communication and Odor Detection in Insects
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 B
Organizer: Juergen Liebig (he/him/his) – Arizona State University
Organizer: Jessie Ebie (she/her/hers) – Arizona State University
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM MST
One Health Approaches to Vector-borne Disease Surveillance and Control
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 B
Organizer: Heather Kopsco (she/her/hers) – Columbia University
Organizer: Yasmin Tavares – Columbia University
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 6:00 PM MST
Challenges of Generating Field-relevant Data for Tomorrow’s Insect-protected Plants
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 A
Organizer: Jennifer Fridley (she/her/hers) – Bayer Crop Science
Organizer: Kimberly Morrell (she/her/hers) – Bayer Crop Science
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 6:00 PM MST
Empowering Entomologists: Navigating Extension Pathways
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 129 B
Organizer: Patricia Prade (she/her/hers) – The Pennsylvania State University
Organizer: James Villegas – Louisiana State University
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal Teaching
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 6:00 PM MST
Larry Larson Symposium Harnessing the Power of Insect Science to Solve the World’s Most Urgent Needs
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 C
Organizer: Boris A. Castro (he/him/his) – Corteva Agriscience
Organizer: Amanda Jacobson – Corteva Agriscience
Organizer: Luis Gomez – Corteva Agriscience
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 6:00 PM MST
Meeting the Needs of Tomorrow: Can Forest Entomology Be a Model for Insect Science in the Future?
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 121 C
Organizer: Todd David Johnson (he/him/his) – Louisiana State University
Organizer: Kayla I. Perry (she/her/hers) – The Ohio State University
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect EcosystemsSystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 6:00 PM MST
Pollinator Work on Federal Lands
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 124 AB
Organizer: Michelle L. Boone (she/her/hers) – National Park Service
Organizer: Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad Koch – USDA-ARS
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Tuesday, Nov 12th
2:00 PM – 6:00 PM MST
The Importance of Undergraduate Teaching and Research in Entomology on Academia and on the Community
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 131 C
Organizer: Denise Gemmellaro (she/her/hers) – Kean University
Organizer: Krystal Hans (she/her/hers) – Purdue University
Organizer: Lauren M. Weidner, Ph.D., D-ABFE (she/her/hers) – Arizona State University
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal Teaching
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Advances in Adephaga Genomics, Systematics, and Evolution
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 127 A
Organizer: Wendy Moore – University of Arizona
Organizer: Grey Gustafson (he/him/his) – Northern Arizona University
Section SymposiumSystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Expanding the Future of Cecidology: The Ecology and Evolution of Shrub- and Herb-galling Insects
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 127 C
Organizer: Louis F. Nastasi – The Pennsylvania State University
Organizer: Quinlyn Baine (she/her/hers) – University of New Mexico
Organizer: Chris Looney – Washington State Department of Agriculture
Section SymposiumSystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Into the Wild: Investigating Wildlife-Arthropod Vector Interactions and Implications for One Health
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 130
Organizer: Karen C. Poh (she/her/hers) – USDA-ARS
Organizer: Erika T. Machtinger (she/her/hers) – The Pennsylvania State University
Organizer: Risa Pesapane, Ph.D. – The Ohio State University
Organizer: Danielle Tufts (she/her/hers) – University of Pittsburgh
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Outcome of Educational Research in Entomology: Best Practices in Education and Outreach
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 129 B
Organizer: Muhammad Haseeb – Florida A&M University
Organizer: Hongmei Li-Byarlay – Central State University
Organizer: Lambert Kanga – Florida A&M University
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal TeachingPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Relationship Status It’s Complicated: How Interactions Between Non-natives Affects Invasion Biology
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 122 A
Organizer: Ellie McCabe – University of Kentucky
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 12:30 PM MST
Stored Product Pests vs. Technology
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 223
Organizer: Emily Kaul (she/her/hers) – Canadian Grain Commission
Organizer: Rachel R. Harman (she/her/hers) – USDA-ARS
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary EntomologyPhysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology
Wednesday, Nov 13th
9:30 AM – 1:00 PM MST
Professional Entomology Certifications Create Diverse Career Pathways
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 A
Organizer: Laura M. Krueger, BCE (she/her/hers)
Organizer: Andrew Mason Sutherland, BCE – University of California
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary EntomologyPlant-Insect EcosystemsCertification
Wednesday, Nov 13th
1:30 PM – 4:30 PM MST
Careers Outside Academia Exist... Check Out Industry!
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 A
Organizer: Michelle Hartzer, BCE (she/her/hers) – 360 Pest and Food Safety Consulting
Organizer: Dusana Bondy, ACE-I – Abell Pest Control INC
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary EntomologyPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Wednesday, Nov 13th
1:30 PM – 4:30 PM MST
Emerging Voices in Vector-borne Disease: One Health, Health Equity, and Sustainability
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 B
Organizer: Nicole A. Scavo, M.S. (she/her/hers) – Texas A&M University
Organizer: Cassandra Durden, M.S. (she/her/hers) – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Section SymposiumMedical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology
Wednesday, Nov 13th
1:30 PM – 5:30 PM MST
Capturing the Co-benefits of Conservation Habitat and Crop Production Within Agroecosystems
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 A
Organizer: Daniel R. Schmehl (he/him/his) – Bayer Crop Science
Organizer: Matthew E. O'Neal – Iowa State University
Organizer: Reed M. Johnson – The Ohio State University
Organizer: Pierre Lau (he/him/his) – USDA-ARS
Section SymposiumPlant-Insect Ecosystems
Wednesday, Nov 13th
1:30 PM – 5:30 PM MST
InFormers: Computational and Organizational Insights from the Insect Nervous System
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 126 B
Organizer: Theodore P. Pavlic, Ph.D. (he/him/his) – Arizona State University
Organizer: Hong Lei – Arizona State University
Organizer: Maksim Bazhenov – University of California
Section SymposiumPhysiology, Biochemistry, and ToxicologySystematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity
Wednesday, Nov 13th
1:30 PM – 5:30 PM MST
Working on Our FITness: Empowering Learning with Insect Toolkits
Location: Phoenix Convention Center, 221 C
Organizer: Emilie Demard (she/her/hers) – University of Florida
Organizer: Erin W. Hodgson (she/her/hers) – Iowa State University
Section SymposiumFormal and Informal Teaching