From resistance breakers to RNAi: Targeting fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) detoxification genes for sustainable management

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a Lepidopteran native to the Americas, has emerged as a devastating invasive pest threatening global food security by attacking over 350 plant species. Understanding its vulnerabilities is crucial for developing effective control strategies. This study employed a multi-pronged approach. First, we conducted a comparative analysis of larval transcriptomes from S. frugiperda populations with varying insecticide resistance levels. Second, we performed functional assays to validate the identified candidate genes' roles in insecticide detoxification. The result analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression between resistant and susceptible populations. Functional assays confirmed that specific genes are critical to the insect's detoxification capabilities. Notably, these genes are highly conserved across other Lepidopteran pests such as corn earworm and beet armyworm. However, unveiling these key genes offers valuable insights for developing targeted RNA interference (RNAi) or CRISPR-based pest control strategies. Such approaches could circumvent conventional insecticide resistance mechanisms and provide a more sustainable solution for managing this global threat. Further research is warranted to optimize RNAi or CRISPR delivery systems for effective field application. Additionally, exploring the potential of these candidate genes as targets for developing novel bioinsecticides holds promise for the future.