Beneficial stress in honeybees

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are used globally for human food production and to secure pollination services for more than 80 crops of agricultural interest. They have been domesticated and managed for thousands of years but beekeepers reported significant losses
of 40-50% of their hives over recent years, because bees struggle to cope with a range of environmental stressors such as parasites, climatic and environmental changes or pesticide exposures. However it seems that stressors in low doses or low amounts can actually cause beneficial effects in honeybees, to a certain threshold, and can even help fight diseases. But what happens when you these beneficial environmental stressors with disease medications. Here we explore how cold shocks, parasites, genetics effect the efficiency of disease treatment in honeybees.