D3008: Assessing the relationship between entomological surveillance indices and West Nile virus transmission, United States: Systematic review

Entomological surveillance indices are used to estimate risk of West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) transmission. To determine when and where to initiate mosquito control activities, integrated vector management programs establish action thresholds based on entomological surveillance indices. However, the application of entomological surveillance indices needs further investigation relative to the human risk of WNV infection. Herein we examine the evidence from studies that investigated the quantitative relationship between entomological surveillance indices and human WNV cases using systematic review methods. Across three databases, 4,947 articles were identified. Using the selection criteria, 38 studies were included for study. Most articles explored entomological indices weekly and devised unique geographic scales to aggregate human and/or mosquito data. The most used models were logistic and negative binomial regression. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) and vector index (VI) demonstrated the greatest ratio of number of positive results to number of times tested. Among all selected articles, 35 unique U.S. locations assessed MLE and/or VI. Human WNV infection had a significant association with MLE across 81.25% (13/16) of locations. Vector index showed successful performance across 80.00% (24/30) sites tested. This systematic review identifies methods for quantifying relationships between entomological and human WNV infection data. Although the quantitative methods identified in this study are not exhaustive and are limited to peer reviewed, published literature, agencies seeking to initiate entomological data collection or improve the utilization of their collected entomological data may benefit from these results.