BACKGROUND: Insecticide resistance among invasive tephritid fruit flies poses a great risk to national food security and has the potential to disrupt quarantine and eradication programs, which rely on the efficacy of Spinosad to prevent widespread establishment in North America. During 2022-2023 we surveyed the extent of Spinosad resistance of two key species, Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, and melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae, from 20 sites across five Hawaiian Islands including Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Maui, Molokai, and the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. Insecticide resistance among invasive tephritid fruit flies poses a greater-than-normal risk to national food security and has the potential to disrupt quarantine and eradication programs, which rely on the efficacy of Spinosad to prevent widespread establishment in North America. During 2022-2023 Spinosad resistance was documented in Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, and melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae, found on Oʻahu, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. These elevations persist despite changes to Spinosad use recommendations by local extension agents beginning in 2017. For Oriental fruit fly, these RR values were the highest levels that have been detected in wild Hawaiʻi populations. During this talk, I will share updates on the current efforts to mitigate Spinosad resistance to Hawaii and discuss the challenges to developing and implementing new strategies for high-risk pests.