Arthropod assemblage and seasonal phenology of Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in quinoa

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is gaining global popularity due to its high nutritional value and resilience to abiotic stresses. However, there is limited information about the arthropods associated with quinoa in new cultivation areas such as Colorado. Therefore, we aimed to fill this gap by conducting field surveys throughout the crop growing season to monitor the population dynamics of pests associated with quinoa. Also, we investigated the seasonal phenology of Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae), a stem-boring fly that has caused significant yield losses in quinoa during past few years. Our findings indicated distinct seasonal patterns in A. karli's phenology, with peak activity occurring from mid-June to early July. This information is crucial for predicting peak fly activity and optimizing the timing of control measures to mitigate damage. Understanding these patterns can inform integrated pest management strategies and enhance quinoa production sustainability in new growing regions.